We talk about traditional morbidity and morbidity. Patients are defined on the basis of their symptoms and chemistry. There are several ways to treat them. Some patients do not receive treatment. When that happens, their disease may worsen. Some of those who come in for treatment for symptoms seek treatment from the outpatient department. But when we can not control the out patient level, we treat them in the hospital. Those who show severe symptoms will be referred to the Intensive Care Unit for treatment. At the same time, steps are being taken to provide the necessary treatment to those who need more care than the average patient, even if it is not intensive care. What are the specialties of the patients who go to the treatment level in the intensive care units outside the normal ward complex in this way? We hope to talk in detail about what action should be taken in treating them on their behalf and what should be considered there.
Patients are usually given oxygen during these treatment units. Treats blood pressure related ailments. If the body water level is low, saline treatment is given. If a germ is present in the body, the process of administering antibiotics takes place.
Patients' blood sugar levels may rise during such treatments. Changes in other chemical compositions may occur. Elemental value, mineral ion levels can vary. So, in the intensive care unit, specialized treatment is given to each of these patients on a trial basis. A patient receiving treatment in this unit will not be treated by a single physician at that time. Because this is not a single process. Depending on the patient's condition, the process of treating such patients is carried out under a number of related specialists, including nursing and paramedical services. In such a moment it is very important to consider the patient's nutritional level, mental level as well as social level.
In an intensive care unit, feeding a patient is usually done by inserting a tube through the nose or mouth. Most of the time they do not see pure consciousness. They can't talk. Feelings can not be expressed. So then it is less possible to take care of their mental level correctly.
The importance of feeding ....
It is very important to take care of the nutrients in the diet given to such a patient. Thus, the combination of starch, protein (fat), vitamins and minerals (micronutrients), water and oxygen all add up to the survival of the average person as well as the patient receiving treatment in the intensive care unit. We can never forget that.
Because even a patient cannot depend on fluids alone. Simple normal saline alone is not enough. 99% of patients can go without food for two days (simply taking simple saline only). That is a biological privilege. The amount of time that can be spent without food can vary from patient to patient. However, after those two days, the patient's condition worsens.
Food can usually be chewed and swallowed. If the chewing gum cannot be swallowed, the food can be given to the stomach through a tube inserted through the nose or mouth. If the stomach is not functioning, these tubes can be directed to the small intestine to feed. Accordingly, some patients you have seen have a tube inserted into their stomach and given food. If the food given in that way is not available, a blood transfusion is given. A patient receiving treatment in the intensive care unit will not be allowed to miss any of these. We are constantly concerned about how the patient should be fed. It works accordingly.
Dietary need varies from patient to patient ....
A person weighing 60 kg usually needs about 1500 kcal for daily requirement. Accordingly, the daily protein requirement is around 50 grams. An average egg contains about 6-7 grams of protein, 100 grams of meat or fish contains about 20 grams of protein, and a glass of milk made with two tablespoons of milk contains about 7 grams of protein.
The fat requirement of a patient varies according to each other's daily requirement. Here we need to be very careful about the essential fatty acids omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids as well as other saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
Vitamin requirements also change during illness. However, we have no right to deny them nutrition because they are sick. So there is no need for the general public to panic as physicians routinely administer nutrition to patients receiving treatment in these treatment units.
What to really do at a time like this. It is important to give the patient a balanced diet. On average, our diet should contain about 50-60% starch. About 1/4 of the plate should be set aside for protein foods (about meat, fish, beans, mee, lentils, soy) and about 1/4 for active foods such as vegetables and herbs.
However, the amount of food to be consumed may vary depending on the nature of the disease. There may be many variations in the diet of a patient receiving treatment in the intensive care unit. Because they can't chew. The food is fed through a tube. When blending the food given to a patient, care should be taken about its thickness. Because if the thickness increases it is difficult to put in the pipe. There is a wrong action that a lot of people do here. Blending and filtering the food. Such filtration is wrong. If so, how should food be prepared for a patient receiving treatment in the Intensive Care Unit? You definitely have that problem.
According to the daily requirement ...
It is important to know the approximate or approximate caloric or protein levels of the foods we eat to meet our daily needs. The following methods can be used as an example in giving a meal of about 250 kcal.
Then add 30 to 40 grams of small potatoes, a few cups of vegetables like leeks, carrots, onions, a teaspoon of lentils, a piece as large as a matchbox or a small piece of fish, add 250 ml of water and bring to a boil. Use about 3 teaspoons of canola oil, soybean oil) and blend until the mixture thickens.
The food can be prepared in such a way that it is at an optimal level. This diet contains approximately 250 kcal (about 1 kcal per milliliter).
Therefore, instead of serving a diet that we have adopted as a low-energy liquid diet, the diet should be prepared in such a way that it is complete with everything rich in energy, rich in protein, rich in minerals, rich in vitamins and minerals. It is not advisable to pre-prepare the food in such a way. Depending on the condition, there may be times when the fiber in the diet should be reduced. In such a case, doctors recommend it. But that recommendation is not valid for life. The doctors will give you the recommendation according to the relevant disease and the relevant situation.
Mental status which is as important as nutrition ...
The nutritional status of the patient as well as the mental state is extremely important. Because when the mood changes, the chemical composition of the body also changes rapidly. The majority of people have high blood sugar when they are stressed or suffering from a disease. High sugar levels are coming. Sometimes even insulin has to be given. It was not because of the food given to the patient, but because of the mental change. Some people may have high blood pressure.
Also, some stressors can affect the brain, kidneys, and liver. If left unmanaged, they can be left astray and lose the right path. When talking about the mental level of patients in this way, the methodology of patient care is very important. Because no matter what nutrients or medications are given externally, the patient's mental health will not improve. Accordingly, if a patient is in any kind of pain, that pain should be alleviated. As they are in pain, their internal chemical composition changes.
Feeling we have 'Run out of gas' emotionally ....
Many people think that a patient in the intensive care unit does not hear or feel anything. No, they are anesthetized but they understand what we are saying. Feel the touch when touched. Hear what is being said. They know what we're doing.
You need to think frugally about that patient. I need to take care of this feeling of being one of mine. If that mental therapy is given properly, insulin will not be needed. There is also a reduction in the need for medication for high blood pressure. Accordingly, the effectiveness of antibiotic injections will increase and the need for antibiotic injection will also decrease. The patient's internal immunity then develops on mental well-being. It helps the blood sugar level to return to normal. Accordingly, the time for the wound to heal quickly and the patient to return to normal is quick.
The service of a caretaker ...
The speed at which the healing process takes place depends on the level of mental health of the patient being treated. The pain that a patient usually feels may not be felt by an external therapist. Even so, owning one is still beyond the reach of the average person.
You also need to know the facts about the disease. It is also important to be aware of the pathogenesis. It is also important to be aware of the patient's commitment. For example, controlling the intake of sugary and starchy foods in a diabetic patient. In the case of kidney related diseases, the intake of certain fruits, vegetables and whole grains is restricted. This is mainly due to their high potassium level. Some of the attendants
It is recommended not to give fruits and vegetables to kidney patients. Accordingly, there are certain conditions that need to be controlled. But there is no reason not to eat that food. For example, berries, apples, zucchini, and purple fruits can be taken as a whole.
So it is very important that someone caring for a patient has this understanding. In this world, there is no limit to what is good and what is bad. What is more important here is to have an understanding of what is required quantity rather than what is good and bad.
The other important characteristic of a caregiver is that he is not obsessed with dirty feces, urine, semen and mucus. You can't do this duty because you are displeased with those things. If you really care for a patient, you need to be able to be compassionate. It is also important to address the patient with kind words. That means being compassionate in word as well as in mind.
There is an internal tension in the patient case. As a result, the secretion of stress hormones increases. Then the resistance to insulin increases. Insulin usually helps control blood sugar levels and promotes muscle growth. When resistance to insulin increases, both of these factors disappear. When the blood sugar level is not regulated, the blood sugar level rises rapidly.
High blood sugar is not good for other things, including frequent blood circulation and wound healing. Then there is a temporary state of diabetes. Also, when the muscles do not develop properly, the muscles weaken. Then such a patient becomes incapable of expelling any mucus. In fact, the vast majority of patients in intensive care units die from pneumonia. Therefore, the mental development of patients with this condition is extremely important. Accordingly, it is very important to direct the patient's activity to the physiotherapy process.
Through mental development, stress hormone levels do not increase rapidly and begin to secrete effective hormones. Then the muscles develop. It means that the patient is slowly recovering from the existing condition.
This will reduce the patient's stay in the intensive care unit and allow them to move quickly from the hospital to their home, reducing complications and mortality.
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